3 Commands

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“Let’s see what happens when I open https://www.google.com in my browser. Behind the scenes, multiple networking layers work together.”

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2️⃣ Step 2: DNS Lookup — (Application Layer)

Command:

nslookup om-mapari.com

[email protected]

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3️⃣ Step 3: Connectivity Check — (Network Layer / ICMP)

Command:

ping www.google.com

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4️⃣ Step 4: Route Discovery — (Network Layer / Routing)

Command:

tracert www.google.com

• Shows all the routers/hops between you and Google.

• Each hop = a device (router) your packet crosses.

• Sometimes you’ll see private IPs (like 192.168.x.x) — that’s your internal network.

💡 Relate to OSI Layers: Routers operate at Layer 3 (Network) — they forward packets based on IP.

C:\Users\mapar>curl -I https://om-mapari.com/